Larval fish have been sampled monthly, from 2014 to 2022, at five Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS) reference stations around southern Australia. To assist in identification of fish larvae caught in the samples, a project involving CO1 barcoding of ethanol fixed larvae has been undertaken. From the IMOS samples, larvae from 13 Orders, 45 Families and 117 species have been successfully barcoded, identified and photographed. This paper will initially provide an overview of the results of the barcoding project. Then, examples will be discussed showing how the barcoding results has facilitated the compilation of larval developmental series for species whose larvae have not been previously described. Finally, two cases studies showing how species identification of larvae from two multi-species families, Scombridae and Platycephalidae, has facilitated ecological studies to assess larval seasonality and distribution patterns at three east coast IMOS stations will be detailed.